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With populations of many migrant wildlife species in deepening decline, Parties to the Convention on Migratory Species (132 nations and EU) agree on new or greater coordinated conservation efforts

Campo Grande, Brazil — Confronted with stark new evidence that many migratory species are moving closer to extinction, governments at a major UN wildlife conservation meeting today agreed on expanded conservation efforts, including new or enhanced treaty protections for 40 species and populations of birds, aquatic wildlife, and terrestrial animals.
Meeting in Brazil, Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) adopted several measures to strengthen global or regional conservation efforts of such iconic species as the cheetah, striped hyena, snowy owl, giant otter, great hammerhead shark, and several shorebird species facing steep population declines (lists appended).
Parties agreed to list the 40 additional species or populations of species on CMS Appendices I (species in danger of extinction) or II (species in need of coordinated international action), which now include over 1,200 unique species under the 47-year-old Convention.
They also approved multi-species conservation plans in key regions such as the Amazon.
The week-long CMS COP15 opened with new findings that key indicators for many treaty-protected species continue to trend downward, reinforcing warnings that habitat loss, overexploitation, and infrastructure barriers are accelerating declines across species that traverse national borders.
The conference also highlighted a growing need to address threats such as deep-sea mining, climate change, plastic pollution, underwater noise, illegal wildlife killing, fisheries bycatch, and marine pollution.
CMS COP15 began with strong political and scientific warnings: migratory species are in accelerating decline and international cooperation is required to effectively respond.
Said CMS Executive Secretary Amy Fraenkel: “We came to Campo Grande knowing that the populations of half the species protected under this treaty are in decline. We leave with stronger protections and more ambitious plans but the species themselves are not waiting for our next meeting. Implementation has to begin tomorrow. Expanded protections for striped hyena, snowy owls, giant otters, great hammerhead sharks, and many more, demonstrate that nations can act when the science is clear. Our duty now is to close the distance between what we’ve agreed and what happens on the ground for these animals.”
Said João Paulo Capobianco, Chair of COP15 and Executive Secretary, Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Brazil; “We protect species that may never remain within our borders. We invest in a natural heritage we do not own, but are all responsible for. In doing so, we give concrete meaning to global solidarity, recognizing that migratory species transcend nations, jurisdictions, and generations.”
With the conclusion of COP15, the Government of Brazil now holds the mantle of the CMS COP Presidency and will carry the momentum from this meeting into the next three years, not only in South America but also for all regions of the world, for the conservation of migratory species and their habitats.
* * * * *
COP15 outcomes at a glance
15 new Concerted Actions approved:
Report on previous Concerted Actions:
10 new or updated Species-focused Action Plans:
New initiative on the illegal and unsustainable taking of migratory species (detailed here: Global initiative to address mounting pressures from illegal and unsustainable taking of migratory species announced at UN wildlife conference, www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1121422)
Groundbreaking new scientific studies and tools unveiled, including:
9 new champions of migratory species recognized for their long-term and sustained commitments in supporting conservation initiatives, detailed here: www.cms.int/news/migratory-species-champion-award-honors-long-term-commitments-conservation-initiatives-cms
COP15 decided that the next conference will take place in Germany. The Federal Government of Germany—depository of the Convention and host of the CMS Secretariat—had offered to host COP16 in Bonn in 2029. COP16 will coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Convention, also known as the Bonn Convention, which was signed in Bonn in June 1979.
* * * * *
40 species, sub-species and populations of species added to / upgraded within CMS Appendices I and II
Terrestrial
Added to Appendix I and II
Avian
Added to Appendix I and II:
Added to Appendix II:
Added to Appendix I:
Aquatic
Added to Appendix I and II
Added to Appendix II:
Added to Appendix I (while maintaining their status under Appendix II):
About CMS Appendices
Appendix I comprises migratory species in danger of extinction in the wild throughout all or a significant portion of their range. Parties that are Range States to a migratory species listed on Appendix I endeavour to strictly protect them by prohibiting the taking of such species (including the deliberate killing, capture or disturbance), with a very restricted scope for exceptions; conserving and, where appropriate, restoring their habitats; preventing, removing or mitigating obstacles to their migration; and controlling other factors that might endanger them.
Appendix II migratory species require international agreement for their conservation and management. It also includes species whose conservation status would significantly benefit from the international cooperation that could be achieved by an international agreement. This can include setting common objectives and management measures for shared populations, preparing and implementing joint action plans, coordinating monitoring and research, sharing data and best practices, and working together to conserve and restore key habitats along the species’ migration routes. The aim is to ensure that protection and management efforts are aligned across borders so that conservation gains in one country are not lost in another.
A species can be listed on both appendices when it is endangered and also requires coordinated international action across its migratory range.
* * * * *
At a glance: CMS and COP15
With over 2,600 participants, COP15 adopted 39 resolutions spanning efforts to strengthen species conservation, habitats and ecological connectivity.
The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the governing body of CMS, which meets every 3 years to review progress, add new species under the Treaty, and strengthen actions to address conservation needs as well as continuing or emerging threats. Strong science underpins the COP’s agenda, ensuring that policy discussions reflect the best available evidence on threats, population trends and effective response measures.
Venue: Bosque Expo, Campo Grande, Brazil (bosquedosipes.com/bosque-expo) , 23-29 March, 2026
About CMS
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) is a legally binding international treaty under the United Nations. CMS is one of the most important global frameworks for wildlife conservation and plays a vital role in addressing the global biodiversity crisis.
By fostering international collaboration, supporting research, and developing conservation agreements and actions among the Range States in which these species are found, CMS ensures the long-term survival of migratory species of wild animals and their habitats, and the vital benefits they provide.
132 countries plus the European Union are Parties to CMS. In addition, several non-Party countries have signed one or more binding CMS Agreements to protect migratory species.
Related news releases:
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1120997
Coverage highlights
Decline in migratory fish populations prompts fight for protection
BBC, United Kingdom (157,231,841)
Epic river migrations of fish rapidly collapsing, UN report finds
The Guardian, United Kingdom (86,302,986)
Can nations save the shorebird that flies 30,000 km a year?
Agence France Presse via Yahoo! News, United States (41,919,979)
Decline of over 80 percent: Fewer and fewer migratory freshwater fish
Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Germany (11,052,874)
325 Long-neglected migratory freshwater fish species need protection now: Report
Mongabay, United States
Vital freshwater fish migrations are rapidly collapsing all over the world
The Independent, United Kingdom (30,231,792); also The Independent, US, 11,490,816)
Pollution, overfishing, dams… The life of freshwater migratory fish is anything but a smooth ride
Le Figaro, France (23,785,150)
Amazonian catfish, snow trout and Atlantic salmon: migratory freshwater species are among the most threatened on the planet
Le Monde, France (18,991,913)
Convention warns of decline in migratory freshwater fish and calls for coordinated action
EFE via Yahoo! Noticias, United States (2,705,919)
Two bird habitats in Raj in global Steppe Eagle plan
The Times of India, India (68,997,649)
Government expands protected areas in the Pantanal and incorporates 104,000 hectares into the conservation system.
O Globo, Brazil (20,170,680)
40 more migratory animals need protecting, warns UN group,
Green Prophet, United States
Coverage summary, click here
News release in full, click here
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The first-ever State of the World’s Migratory Species report was launched today by the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), a UN biodiversity treaty, at the opening of a major UN wildlife conservation conference (CMS COP14). The landmark report reveals:
Until now, no such comprehensive assessment on migratory species has been carried out. The report provides a global overview of the conservation status and population trends of migratory animals, combined with the latest information on their main threats and successful actions to save them.
Inger Andersen, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, said: “Today’s report clearly shows us that unsustainable human activities are jeopardizing the future of migratory species – creatures who not only act as indicators of environmental change but play an integral role in maintaining the function and resilience of our planet’s complex ecosystems. The global community has an opportunity to translate this latest science of the pressures facing migratory species into concrete conservation action. Given the precarious situation of many of these animals, we cannot afford to delay, and must work together to make the recommendations a reality.”
Billions of animals make migratory journeys each year on land, in rivers and oceans, and in the skies, crossing national boundaries and continents, with some travelling thousands of miles across the globe to feed and breed.
Migratory species play an essential role in maintaining the world’s ecosystems, and provide vital benefits, by pollinating plants, transporting key nutrients, preying on pests, and helping to store carbon.
Prepared for CMS by conservation scientists at the UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), the CMS State of the World’s Migratory Species report uses the world’s most robust species data sets and features expert contributions from institutions including BirdLife International, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
The main focus of the report is the 1,189 animal species that have been recognized by CMS Parties as needing international protection and are listed under CMS, though it also features analysis linked to over 3,000 additional non-CMS migratory species.
Species listed under the Convention are those at risk of extinction across all or much of their range, or in need of coordinated international action to boost their conservation status.
Amy Fraenkel, CMS Executive Secretary, said: “Migratory species rely on a variety of specific habitats at different times in their lifecycles. They regularly travel, sometimes thousands of miles, to reach these places. They face enormous challenges and threats along the way, as well at their destinations where they breed or feed. When species cross national borders, their survival depends on the efforts of all countries in which they are found. This landmark report will help underpin much-needed policy actions to ensure that migratory species continue to thrive around the world.”
While there have been positive trends for numerous CMS species, the report’s findings underscore the need for greater action, for all migratory species. The listing of species under CMS means that these species require international cooperation to address their conservation. But many of the threats facing these species are global drivers of environmental change – affecting biodiversity loss as well as climate change. Thus, addressing the decline of migratory species requires action across governments, the private sector and other actors.
Over the past 30 years, 70 CMS-listed migratory species – including the steppe eagle, Egyptian vulture and the wild camel – have become more endangered. This contrasts with just 14 listed species that now have an improved conservation status – these include blue and humpback whales, the white-tailed sea eagle and the black-faced spoonbill.
Most worryingly, nearly all CMS-listed species of fish – including migratory sharks, rays and sturgeons – are facing a high risk of extinction, with their populations declining by 90 per cent since the 1970s.
Analysing the threats to species, the report shows the huge extent to which the decline in migratory species is being caused by human activities.
The two greatest threats to both CMS-listed and all migratory species were confirmed as overexploitation – which includes unsustainable hunting, overfishing and the capture of non-target animals such as in fisheries – and habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation – from activities such as agriculture and the expansion of transport and energy infrastructure.
One key priority is to map and take adequate steps to protect the vital locations that serve as breeding, feeding and stopover sites for migratory species is a key priority. The report shows that nearly 10,000 of the world’s Key Biodiversity Areas are important for CMS-listed migratory species, but that more than half (by area) are not designated as protected or conserved areas. Fifty-eight per cent of monitored sites important for CMS-listed species are under threat due to human activities.
The report also investigated how many migratory species are at-risk but not covered by the Convention. It found 399 migratory species – mainly birds and fish, including many albatrosses and perching birds, ground sharks and stingrays – are categorised as threatened or near-threatened but are not yet CMS-listed.
While underscoring the concerning situation of many species, the report also shows that population and species-wide recoveries are possible and highlights instances of successful policy change and positive action, from local to international. Examples include coordinated local action that has seen illegal bird netting reduced by 91 per cent in Cyprus, and hugely successful integrated conservation and restoration work in Kazakhstan, which has brought the Saiga Antelope back from the brink of extinction.
The State of the World’s Migratory Species report issues a clear wake-up call, and provides a set of priority recommendations for action, which include:
The UN wildlife conservation conference (CMS COP14) Feb. 12-17 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan is one of the most significant global biodiversity gatherings since the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (Biodiversity Plan). It will also be the first COP of any global environmental treaty to take place in Central Asia, a region home to many migratory species including the Saiga Antelope, the Snow Leopard, and many species of migratory birds. Governments, wildlife organisations and scientists have come together at the week-long meeting to consider actions to advance implementation of the Convention. The State of the World’s Migratory Species report will provide the scientific-grounding along with policy recommendations to set the context and provide valuable information to support the deliberations of the meeting.
About the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)
An environmental treaty of the United Nations, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats. This unique treaty brings governments and wildlife experts together to address the conservation needs of terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species and their habitats around the world. Since the Convention’s entry into force in 1979, its membership has grown to include 133 Parties from Africa, Central and South America, Asia, Europe and Oceania.
www.cms.int
About UNEP-WCMC
The UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is a global centre of excellence on biodiversity and nature’s contribution to society and the economy. It operates as a collaboration between the United Nations Environment Programme and the UK charity WCMC.
UNEP-WCMC works at the interface of science, policy and practice to tackle the global crisis facing nature and support the transition to a sustainable future for people and the planet: www.unep-wcmc.org
About CMS Appendices
*****
Media coverage highlights
BBC Television News
Migrating species crucial to planet under threat, says UN
The Associated Press (via The Washington Post, United States, 46,994,248) Nearly half of the world’s migratory species are in decline, UN report says https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/12/united-nations-report-migratory-species-decline/25adfd4c-c983-11ee-aa8e-1e5794a4b2d6_story.html
Reuters (via Daily Mail, United Kingdom, 82,448,353) One in five of world’s migratory species at risk of extinction – UN report https://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-13073407/One-five-worlds-migratory-species-risk-extinction–UN-report.html
Agence France Press (via Yahoo! News United States 60,787,457) Migratory species at risk across the planet, UN report warns https://news.yahoo.com/migratory-species-risk-across-planet-084709146.html
AFP French (via Yahoo! News FR, France 5,127,487) La situation des espèces migratrices se détériore dans le monde, alerte un rapport inédithttps://fr.news.yahoo.com/situation-esp%C3%A8ces-migratrices-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9riore-monde-090244066.html
Agencia EFE, Spain (via Infobae, Argentina, 66,864,892) Más de la quinta parte de las especies migratorias corren peligro de extinción, según ONU https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2024/02/12/mas-de-la-quinta-parte-de-las-especies-migratorias-corren-peligro-de-extincion-segun-onu/
UK Press Association (via Daily Mail, United Kingdom, 82,448,353)
Migratory species face rising extinction risk from human activity – UN report https://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/pa/article-13073403/Migratory-species-face-rising-extinction-risk-human-activity–UN-report.html
BBC Online, United Kingdom (146,068,220) Migrating species crucial to planet under threat, says UN https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68254027
Daily Mail, United Kingdom (82,448,353), Earth on track for mass extinction? 20% of migratory animals at risk https://www.dailymail.co.uk/galleries/article-13073537/Earth-track-mass-extinction-20-migratory-animals-risk.html
The Guardian (via Yahoo! News UK, United Kingdom, 3,129,906) From turtles to fruit bats, migratory species increasingly under threat, says UNhttps://uk.news.yahoo.com/turtles-fruit-bats-migratory-species-084509193.html
CNN International (via MSN.com, United States, 141,659,727) Humans have altered the Earth so much that migratory animals are facing extinction https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/humans-have-altered-the-earth-so-much-that-migratory-animals-are-facing-extinction/ar-BB1i8Hjc
NPR, United States (36,113,423)Across the world, migrating animal populations are dwindling. Here’s why https://www.npr.org/2024/02/12/1230929548/across-the-world-migrating-animal-populations-are-dwindling-heres-why
ABC News, via MSN.com, United States (141,659,727), Nearly half of the world’s migratory species are in decline, UN report warns https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/nearly-half-of-the-world-s-migratory-species-are-in-decline-un-report-warns/ar-BB1ii7XI
The Straits Times, Singapore (5,157,244), Editorial: Act to save migratory species https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/st-editorial/act-to-save-migratory-species
The Irish Times, Ireland (5,105,172) Editorial: The Irish Times view on the UN report on migratory species – further evidence of the toll of human activities https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/editorials/2024/02/13/the-irish-times-view-on-the-un-report-on-migratory-species-further-evidence-of-the-toll-of-human-activities/
PBS NewsHour, United States (1,077,291)Landmark report details how human activities can disrupt animal migrations https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/landmark-report-details-how-human-activities-can-disrupt-animal-migrations
Reuters Television, UN report finds migratory species at risk of extinction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zk4sWg6Ro0Y
Bloomberg News, via BNN Bloomberg, Canada (2,111,101) Migratory Animals in Peril From Overhunting, Habitat Loss, UN Sayshttps://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/migratory-animals-in-peril-from-overhunting-habitat-loss-un-says-1.2033715
Le Monde, France (25,370,042) Une espèce migratrice sur cinq est menacée d’extinction
https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2024/02/12/une-espece-migratrice-sur-cinq-est-menacee-d-extinction_6216100_3244.html
CBS News, United States (51,824,389), Migratory species at risk worldwide, with a-fifth in danger of extinction, landmark U.N. report says https://www.cbsnews.com/news/migratory-species-at-risk-worldwide-landmark-u-n-report/
Yale Environment 360, via Yahoo! News United States (60,787,457)Nearly Half of Migratory Species in Decline, UN Report Finds https://news.yahoo.com/nearly-half-migratory-species-decline-125200985.html
Tagesschau, Germany (25,654,532) Viele wandernde Tierarten vom Aussterben bedroht https://www.tagesschau.de/wissen/forschung/wandernde-tierarten-100.html
Globe and Mail, Canada (8,200,000), UN report reveals major declines in migratory species
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-embargoed-un-report-reveals-major-declines-in-migratory-species/
Aftonbladet, Sweden (5,907,577)Larmet: Flyttande djur riskerar utrotninghttps://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/JQjzPj/larmet-flyttande-djur-riskerar-utrotning
De Volkskrant, Netherlands (3,816,867) VN-rapport over migrerende dieren weinig opbeurend: meer soorten in gevaar en uitstervingsgolf dreigt https://www.volkskrant.nl/wetenschap/vn-rapport-over-migrerende-dieren-weinig-opbeurend-meer-soorten-in-gevaar-en-uitstervingsgolf-dreigt~b5570fcc/
CBC National Television, Canada, 1 in 5 migratory species at risk of extinction, UN report says, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_Bkq6Z-ovw
ABC National Television, AustraliaUN report finds migratory species under ‘alarming’ threat of extinction, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPBX4RcxjeI
El Español, Spain (32,184,788) La ONU alerta de la caída “en picado” de las especies migratorias: casi la mitad, en peligro de extinción https://www.elespanol.com/enclave-ods/noticias/20240212/onu-alerta-caida-picado-especies-migratorias-mitad-peligro-extincion/831417200_0.html
La Repubblica, Italy (21,389,556)1) Vita dura per gli animali che migrano. Un rapporto dell’Onu lancia l’allarme: 44% in declino https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/02/12/news/rapporto_onu_allarme_animali_che_migrano_44_in_declino-422113313/?ref=search
2) Il rapporto delle Nazioni Unite: “Una specie migratrice su cinque è a rischio di estinzione nel mondo” https://www.repubblica.it/la-zampa/2024/02/12/news/specie_migratrice_rischio_estinzione_rapporto_nazioni_unite-422112835/
SAPO, Portugal (7,544,501) Quase metade das espécies migratórias do mundo estão em declínio https://greensavers.sapo.pt/quase-metade-das-especies-migratorias-do-mundo-estao-em-declinio/
Coverage summary in full, click here
News release in full, click here
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